military spending
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EU’s Kallas Floats Conditions for Russia in Prospective Ukraine Settlement EU foreign policy chief signals bloc will seek military limits on Moscow despite lacking seat at negotiating table The European Union intends to propose restrictions on the size of the Russian armed forces as part of any eventual settlement of the Ukraine conflict, EU foreign… Continue reading
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The Myth of the Peaceful Era: Conflict as a Permanent Feature of Global Order

Conflict persistence from empire to unipolarity in a long view of organised violence The modern international system shows persistent armed conflict across centuries, with no decade entirely free from warfare across regions. Historical datasets covering roughly three thousand five hundred years record only about two hundred sixty eight years without major wars. These figures align… Continue reading
