reserve currency
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The Dollar System and the End of Fiat Global Monetary Order

The Decline of Fiat Credibility and End of Monetary Universality in a Fragmenting Global Economy What is unfolding within the international monetary and financial system is more accurately described as de-fiatisation rather than de-dollarisation, because the structural erosion concerns confidence in state issued credit money rather than exclusive rejection of the United States dollar. Benjamin… Continue reading
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On the Menu at Last

Mark Carney, Davos, and the Open Admission of Western Imperial Hypocrisy That Exposed the Conditional Morality of Western Power The speech delivered by Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney at the World Economic Forum in Davos warrants close scrutiny not for its surface-level defiance, but for the structural admissions it contains regarding Western power, hierarchy, and… Continue reading
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The United States as the Principal Adversary of its Own Currency

The political economy consequences of turning financial infrastructure into weapons hence de-risking from America is a rational response to concentrated monetary power The United States dollar emerged as the core instrument of global trade and finance after 1945, supported by American industrial dominance, military reach, and the Bretton Woods framework. That position rested on confidence… Continue reading


