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The Myth of the Peaceful Era: Conflict as a Permanent Feature of Global Order

Conflict persistence from empire to unipolarity in a long view of organised violence The modern international system shows persistent armed conflict across centuries, with no decade entirely free from warfare across regions. Historical datasets covering roughly three thousand five hundred years record only about two hundred sixty eight years without major wars. These figures align Continue reading
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Brazil’s Venezuela Veto: A Strategic Miscalculation in face of the U.S. Security Pivot

How blocking Venezuela reshaped BRICS cohesion and weakened Brazil’s strategic position amid renewed U.S. regional dominance The decision by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to veto Venezuela’s accession to BRICS occurred during a period when United States strategic doctrine had already shifted back toward hemispheric control. Senior figures within United States defence planning circles had Continue reading
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Jeffrey Sachs and the Venezuela Question Before the Security Council

Venezuela as a test case for the post-1945 international framework and institutional decay The address delivered by Jeffrey D. Sachs to the United Nations Security Council on 5 January 2026 placed before the council a narrow legal and institutional question rather than a moral judgement on Venezuela’s domestic politics. The matter concerned whether a single Continue reading
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New Year Drone Attack and Civilian Casualties in Kherson

Ukrainian Drone Warfare Targeting Practices, External Intelligence Operational Enablement, and Escalation in Ukraine Ukrainian drone attacks against civilian gatherings inside Russian-controlled territory reflect a deliberate shift toward psychological warfare aimed at eroding civilian security rather than achieving battlefield advantage. The New Year’s Eve strike in the coastal village of Khorly, which killed at least twenty-four Continue reading
arms transfers, crimea, donbas, energy geopolitics, European security, great power rivalry, international law, military escalation, minsk agreements, NATO expansion, peace negotiations, post-Cold War order, proxy war, Russia-Ukraine relations, sanctions regime, Sovereignty, territorial integrity, Ukraine conflict, Ukraine-Russia war -
Maduro Removal In Defence of the Petrodollar System and Energy Dominance

How energy control sustains petrodollar power against multipolar challengers, China, Russia, BRICS expansion, and alternative payment systems The removal of Venezuela’s head of state formed part of a broader contest over the architecture of global payments, energy settlement, and monetary hierarchy. The operation did not arise from humanitarian urgency, democratic reform, or governance failure. Strategic Continue reading
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Venezuela Denounces Alleged U.S. Military Aggression and Declares State of Foreign Commotion

Official statement from Venezuela on the attacks by the United States on Venezuelan territory. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela rejects, denounces, and condemns before the international community the extremely serious military aggression perpetrated by the current Government of the United States of America against Venezuelan territory and population in the civilian and military localities of Continue reading




